Cone beam computed tomography study on the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molars in a Tibetan population / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate and analyze the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the Tibetan population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to provide references for clinical root canal treatment in the Tibetan population. @*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. CBCT imaging data of 300 mandibular first molars from 300 Tibetan patients were included. Patient age, the number of roots in mandibular first molars were recorded. The morphology and incidence of mesial root and mesial root canals and the morphology and incidence of distal root and distal root canals were statistically analyzed by Vertucci classification. @*Results @#There were 198 double-root teeth and 102 three-root teeth in the 300 mandibular first permanent molars. Among the three-rooted molars, 1 case had mesiolingual roots, and the rest had distolingual roots. The incidence rate of the distolingual root was 33.7%(101/300). The most common root canal configuration was Vertucci Ⅳ 65.7% (197/300), followed by Vertucci Ⅱ 20.3% (61/300) in the mesial roots. The overall incidence of middle mesial canals (MMCs) was 6% (18/300), with the highest incidence of MMCs in the 20-40 year-old group at 9% (9/100). The distal roots canals of single-distal-rooted mandibular first molars were mainly Vertucci Ⅰ 66.8% (133/199), followed by Vertucci Ⅱ 14.6% (29/199) and Vertucci Ⅳ 11.6% (23/199). For the mandibular first permanent molars with two distal roots, 96% (97/101) of the distal buccal roots and 100% (101/101) of the distal lingual roots were Vertucci Ⅰ root canals. @*Conclusion@# The root and root canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molars in a Tibetan population is complex and variable. Approximately one-third of patients have distolingual roots, and clinicians should carefully explore the root canals under the guidance of CBCT.

Rapid identification and differential markers of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of different sources based on Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose / 中国中药杂志

Since Curcumae Radix decoction pieces have multiple sources, it is difficult to distinguish depending on traditional cha-racters, and the mixed use of multi-source Curcumae Radix will affect its clinical efficacy. Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose was used in this study to quickly identify and analyze the odor components of 40 batches of Curcumae Radix samples from Sichuan, Zhejiang, and Guangxi. Based on the odor fingerprints established for Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of multiple sources, the odor components was identified and analyzed, and the chromatographic peaks were processed and analyzed to establish a rapid identification method. Principal component analysis(PCA), discriminant factor analysis(DFA), and soft independent modeling cluster analysis(SIMCA) were constructed for verification. At the same time, one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) combined with variable importance in projection(VIP) was employed to screen out the odor components with P<0.05 and VIP>1, and 13 odor components such as β-caryophyllene and limonene were hypothesized as the odor differential markers of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of diffe-rent sources. The results showed that Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose can well analyze the odor characteristics and rapidly and accurately discriminate Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of different sources. It can be applied to the quality control(e.g., online detection) in the production of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces. This study provides a new method and idea for the rapid identification and quality control of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces.

Epidemiological survey of hepatitis B and analysis of hepatitis B vaccine coverage rate among children aged 1-14 years in Lhasa in 2006, 2014 and 2020 / 中华预防医学杂志

In 2006, 2014 and 2020, the positive rates of HBsAg in 560, 384 and 402 children aged 1 to 14 years were 4.5%, 2.6% and 2.5%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBs was highest in 2014 (57.8%) and lowest in 2006 (34.1%) (P<0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBc was highest in 2006 (15.7%), and decreased in 2014 (7.8%) and 2020 (5.7%) (P<0.001). The timely rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine for children in Lhasa in 2006, 2014 and 2020 was 7.7% (43/560), 50.3% (193/384) and 94.8% (381/402), respectively. The overall vaccination rates were 15.4% (86/560), 35.2% (135/384) and 96.0% (386/402), respectively, showing a trend of gradual increases (χtrend values were 718.63 and 589.59, both P values<0.001).

Effective substance and mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract in treatment of insomnia based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to study the effective substance and mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract in the treatment of insomnia based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology. The rat insomnia model induced by p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA) was established. After oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract, the general morphological observation, pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test, and histopathological evaluation were carried out. The potential biomarkers of the extract in the treatment of insomnia were screened by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS) combined with multivariate analysis, and the related metabolic pathways were further analyzed. The "component-target-pathway" network was constructed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Exactive mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS) combined with network pharmacology to explore the effective substances and mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the treatment of insomnia. The results of pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test and histopathological evaluation(hematoxylin and eosin staining) showed that Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract had good theraputic effect on insomnia. A total of 21 endogenous biomarkers of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract in the treatment of insomnia were screened out by serum metabolomics, and the metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were obtained. A total of 34 chemical constituents were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS, including 24 flavonoids, 2 triterpenoid saponins, 4 alkaloids, 2 triterpenoid acids, and 2 fatty acids. The network pharmacological analysis showed that Ziziphi Spinosae Semen mainly acted on target proteins such as dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1 A(HTR1 A), and alpha-2 A adrenergic receptor(ADRA2 A) in the treatment of insomnia. It was closely related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, and calcium signaling pathway. Magnoflorine, N-nornuciferine, caaverine, oleic acid, palmitic acid, coclaurine, betulinic acid, and ceanothic acid in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen may be potential effective compounds in the treatment of insomnia. This study revealed that Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extract treated insomnia through multiple metabolic pathways and the overall correction of metabolic disorder profile in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel manner. Briefly, this study lays a foundation for further research on the mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in treating insomnia and provides support for the development of innovative Chinese drugs for the treatment of insomnia.

Efficacy-related substances of blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals derived from Curcuma plants: a review / 中国中药杂志

Derived from Curcuma plants, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Curcumae Rhizoma, Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum, and Curcumae Radix are common blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals in clinical practice, which are mainly used to treat amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, chest impediment and heart pain, and rheumatic arthralgia caused by blood stasis block. According to modern research, the typical components in medicinals derived from Curcuma plants, like curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, curdione, germacrone, curcumol, and β-elemene, have the activities of hemorheology improvement, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-fibrosis, thereby activating blood and resolving stasis. However, due to the difference in origin, medicinal part, processing, and other aspects, the efficacy and clinical application are different. The efficacy-related substances behind the difference have not yet been systematically studied. Thus, focusing on the efficacy-related substances, this study reviewed the background, efficacy and clinical application, efficacy-related substances, and "prediction-identification-verification" research method of blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals derived from Curcuma plants, which is expected to lay a theoretical basis for the future research on the "similarities and differences" of such medicinals based on integrated evidence chain and to guide the scientific and rational application of them in clinical practice.

Historical evolution and research advance in processing adjuvant--vinegar / 中国中药杂志

Processing of Chinese medicinals with vinegar is one of the characteristic processing techniques. Vinegar is vital for the quality of vinegar-processed decoction pieces. However, there have been no specified standards for adjuvants. Through consulting relevant literature and monographs, we comprehensively reviewed the historical evolution of processing with vinegar in records, selection and application of vinegar, and summarized the relevant standards and current status of vinegar as an adjuvant in China. According to the records in literature, vinegar is effective in activating blood, moving qi, dispersing blood stasis, removing toxin, promoting appetite, and nourishing the liver. Traditionally, rice vinegar is chosen in processing. Nowadays, the vinegar made from rice under solid-state fermentation should be chosen. At present, only food standards can be taken for reference for vinegar in the processing. Integrative and specific inspection indicators are lacking, so the standards for adjuvants need to be improved urgently. In addition, the inadequacy in quality control and management is also a major problem to be solved. Through literature research, we reviewed the historical evolution and research advance in vinegar to provide a reference for the standardization and further research of vinegar used in the Chinese medicinal processing.

Study on quality identification of Curcumae Rhizoma from different origins based on quantitative analysis of appearance color and content of main components / 中国中药杂志

L~*, a~* and b~* values of prepared slices of Curcumae Rhizoma were measured by spectrophotometer. SPSS 21.0 was used for discriminant analysis to establish the color range and mathematical prediction model of prepared slices of Curcumae Rhizoma. The values of L~*, a~* and b~* of kwangsiensis ranged from 58.09-62.40, 4.53-5.66 and 23.61-24.29, while the values of L~*, a~* and b~* of phaeocaulis were between 64.02-70.71,-0.89-4.13 and 44.59-54.52, respectively. The values of L~*, a~* and b~* of wenyujin were 68.55-70.99,-0.11-1.47 and 28.26-32.19, respectively. The mathematical prediction model was proved to be able to realize 100% identification of Curcumae Rhizome of different origins through original and cross validation and external samples validation. A dual wavelength HPLC was established; the contents of 9 sesquiterpenoids and 3 Curcumae Rhizomes were determined simultaneously; and the contents of Curcumae Rhizome of different origins were determined. The results showed that kwangsiensis had higher contents of neocurdione, β-elemene and isocurcumaenol, phaeocaulis curcumin, furadienone, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin; and wenyujin mainly contained curdione, furadienes and guimarone. Pearson correlation analysis on L~*, a~*, b~* value and content of 12 components showed that curcumin, furadienone, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin had a significant positive correlation with b~* value(P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between neocurdione, β-elemene and isocurcumaenol and L~* value(P<0.01). Curdione, furadienes and guimarone were significantly correlated with L~* value(P<0.01),indicating that the appearance co-lor of Curcumae Rhizoma could reflect the change of the content of the internal components. This study provided reference for the rapid recognition of Curcumae Rhizoma and the establishment of quality evaluation system.

Identification of curcumin content in raw and vinegar-processed rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis based on electronic nose combined with back propagation neural network / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to establish a rapid and accurate method for identification of raw and vinegar-processed rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis, in order to predict the content of curcumin compounds for scientific evaluation. A complete set of bionics recognition mode was adopted. The digital odor signal of raw and vinegar-processed rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis were obtained by e-nose, and analyzed by back propagation(BP) neural network algorithm, with the accuracy, the sensitivity and specificity in discriminant model, correlation coefficient as well as the mean square error in regression model as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the three indexes of the e-nose signal discrimination model established by the neural network algorithm were 100% in training set, correction set and prediction set, which were obviously better than the traditional decision tree, naive bayes, support vector machine, K nearest neighbor and boost classification, and could accurately differentiate the raw and vinegar products. Correlation coefficient and mean square error of the regression model in prediction set were 0.974 8 and 0.117 5 respectively, and could well predict curcumin compounds content in Curcuma kwangsiensis, and demonstrate the superiority of the simulation biometrics model in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine. By BP neural network algorithm, e-nose odor fingerprint could quickly, conveniently and accurately realize the discrimination and regression, which suggested that more bionics information acquisition and identification patterns could be combined in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to provide ideas and methods for the rapid evaluation and stan-dardization of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine.

Value of sTREM-1 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, APACHE II score, and SOFA score in evaluating the conditions and prognosis of children with severe pneumonia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the significance of the level of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in evaluating the conditions and prognosis of children with severe pneumonia.@*METHODS@#A total of 76 children with severe pneumonia who were admitted from August 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled as the severe pneumonia group. According to the treatment outcome, they were divided into a non-response group with 34 children and a response group with 42 children. Ninety-four children with common pneumonia who were admitted during the same period of time were enrolled as the common pneumonia group. One hundred healthy children who underwent physical examination in the outpatient service during the same period of time were enrolled as the control group. The serum level of sTREM-1, APACHE II score, and SOFA score were measured for each group, and the level of sTREM-1 in BALF was measured for children with severe pneumonia. The correlation of the above indices with the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia in children was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The severe pneumonia group had significantly higher serum sTREM-1 level, APACHEII score, and SOFA score than the common pneumonia group and the control group (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The level of sTREM-1 in serum and BALF and SOFA score can be used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia in children.

UPLC fingerprint and multi-components determination of three processed products of Rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin / 中国中药杂志

To analyse the quality of three processed products of Rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin by establishing an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for simultaneously determining five sesquiterpene components in three processed products of rhizome of C. wenyujin and establishing UPLC fingerprints. Component determination was achieved on Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm), with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min⁻¹; column temperature was 30 °C; the detection wavelength was set at 214 nm and injection volume was 1 μL. The similarity was analyzed with "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica (2012.130723)", and hydrophobic cluster analysis (HCA), principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted by using simca-p14.1 software to investigate the differences in components among these three kinds of processed products. The curzerene, curdione, curcumol, germacrone, furanodiene and β-elemene showed good linearity relationship with chromatographic peak area within the ranges of 10.8-320（=0.999 9）, 10.36-259（=0.998 1）, 10.54-263.5（=0.999 3）, 30.2-755（=0.999 6）and 34.38-862（=0.999 9）mg·L⁻¹, respectively; their average recoveries were 98.75%, 98.69%, 98.63%, 99.76% and 99.57% respectively, with RSD of 2.67%, 1.47%, 1.29%, 2.54% and 0.87% respectively. The similarity of 30 batches of samples was larger than 0.9, indicating good consistency of the samples. The samples can be clearly classified into three categories for HCA, PCA and OPLS-DA pattern recognition, the differential chromatographic peak among three processed products was found respectively. The results showed that the pharmacology basis had changed obviously after processing of Rhizome of C. wenyujin, so it can provide the scientific basis for rational clinical application and establishing quality standards of three processed products of Rhizome of curcuma wenyujin.

Determination of eight constituents in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma before and after salt processing by HPLC-MS / 中草药

Objective: To establish an HPLC-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin E1, timosaponin BII, timosaponin BIII, anemarrhenasaponin I, timosaponin AIII, and timosaponin AII in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and to analyze the content change before and after salt processing. Methods: Chromatography was performed on Agilent SB-C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column by gradient elution using 0.05% formic acid in water (A)-acetonitrile (B) at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was kept at 30 ℃ and the inject volume was 10 μL. HPLC-MS was used for quantification in negative ion mode under ESI. Results: The eight components had good linearity (r ≥ 0.9997) within the linear range. The average recovery rate was 97.55%-103.01% with RSD < 2.80%. The contents of the eight components in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma varied according to the different habits. The contents of mangiferin, timosaponin BII, and timosaponin AIII were high. After salt processing, contents of timosaponin E1, timosaponin BII, and anemarrhenasaponin I were reduced, content of timosaponin BIII was increased and contents of neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin AIII, and timosaponin AII had no obvious changes. Conclusion: The changes of components in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma before and after salt processing are proved by the method of HPLC-MS which is simple, sensitive, and accurate.

Effects of Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma on immune hepatic fibrosis, proliferation of HSC-T6 and expression of α-SMA and Procollagen I / 中国中药杂志

To compare the effects of Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizomaon immune hepatic fibrosis, proliferation of HSC-T6, and expressions of α-SMA and Procollagen I. The immunological liver fibrosis model was prepared through intraperitoneal injection with porcine serum 0.5 mL in each rat, twice a week, for 14 weeks. Expressions of serum ALT, AST, PC-Ⅲ, IV-C, LN, HA and HYP, MDA in liver tissues were observed after administration of Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma (0.95, 1.90 g•kg⁻¹). The pathological changes in liver tissues were observed by HE staining. Masson staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe the expression of collagen in rat liver. HSC-T6 was cultured, and the proliferation of HSC-T6 was determined by MTT assay at different concentrations in 12, 24, 36, 48 h. The expressions of α-SMA and Procollagen I were detected by Real-time PCR. The results showed that expressions of serum ALT, AST, PC-Ⅲ, IV-C, LN and HA in Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma groups (0.95, 1.90 g•kg⁻¹) were significantly lower than model group; in terms of effect, vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma group was superior to Curcumae Rhizoma group. Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma containing serum could inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 in a dose-effect and time-effect manner. Expressions of α-SMA and Procollagen I in HSC-T6 were decreased after 24 h, especially in 20% vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma containing serum group (P<0.01). Both Curcumae Rhizoma/vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma could reduce immune hepatic fibrosis to varying extent. Their anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanism may be correlated with inhibition of the proliferation of HSC-T6, and reduction of the formation of extracellular matrix and promotion of its degradation.

Analysis of lignans and their metabolites derived from Schisandra chinensis and vinegar Schisandra chinensis in rats' plasma, bile, urine and faeces based on UHPLC-QTOF/MS / 药学学报

UHPLC-QTOF/MS technique was used to study the differences of lignans and their metabolites derived from Schisandra chinensis and vinegar Schisandra chinensis in rat plasma, bile, urine and faeces by the data processing techniques such as the dynamic background subtract (DBS), mass defect filtering (MDF) and enhance peak list (EPL) in analysis. In order to enhance accuracy for Schisandra chinensis hepatoprotective effect, we established rat acute alcoholic liver injury model in this experiment, and studied the prototype components and metabolisms of Schisandra lignans in vivo under pathological condition. The main ingredients of alcohol extract are lignans, including deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B, schizandrin C, schizandrol, schizandrol B, schisantherin, schisantherin B, schisanhenol, gomisin G, gomisin J. The metabolic transformation of lignans in rats was mainly induced by methylation, hydroxyl, oxidation, and so on. Finally, we identified 6 kinds of prototype components and their 20 potential metabolites in Schisandra chinensis group and vinegar Schisandra chinensis group.

Effect of vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma on bile metabolism in rats / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effect of vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma on endogenous metabolites in bile by investigating the endogenous metabolites difference in bile before and after Curcumae Rhizoma was processed with vinegar. Alcohol extracts of crude and vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma, as well as normal saline were prepared respectively, which were then given to the rats by intragastric administration for 0.5 h. Then common bile duct intubation drainage was conducted to collect 12 h bile of the rats. UPLC-TOF-MS analysis of bile samples was applied after 1∶3 acetonitrile protein precipitation; unidimensional statistics were combined with multivariate statistics and PeakView software was compared with network database to identify the potential biomarkers. Vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma extracts had significant effects on metabolites spectrum in bile of the rats. With the boundaries of P<0.05, 13 metabolites with significant differences were found in bile of crude and vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma groups, and 8 of them were identified when considering the network database. T-test unidimensional statistical analysis was applied between administration groups and blank group to obtain 7 metabolites with significant differences and identify them as potential biomarkers. 6 of the potential biomarkers were up-regulated in vinegar-processed group, which were related to the metabolism regulation of phospholipid metabolism, fat metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and N-acylethanolamine hydrolysis reaction balance, indicating the mechanism of vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma on endogenous metabolites in bile of the rats.

Select alternative technology to sulfur fumigation for Astragali Radix based on multi-index method / 中国中药杂志

Sulfur fumigation method is often used in the habitat processing of Astragali Radix in order to make it mothproof, mildewproof and easy to dry; however, this method has great influence on the inherent quality of Astragali Radix. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the alternative technology to sulfur fumigation. In the present paper, appearance characteristics, content of active ingredients, containing water, extracting content and microbial content in Astragali Radix were taken as the indexes to compare the quality of Astragali Radix processed with 9 kinds of processing methods (traditional processing method, sulfur fumigation and 7 kinds of alternative processing technologies). Combined hot air-microwave technology was finally determined as an alternative technology to sulfur fumigation.

Effects of different drying methods on quality of Gastrodiae Rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

Different drying methods, including drying in the sun, sulphur fumigation, hot air drying, microwave drying, infrared drying and various coupling techniques,were used to dry fresh Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Characteristics, extracts and the contents of active components of all samples were compared to investigate the effects of different drying methods on quality of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. The results showed that the characteristics of the samples would be better with use of sulphur fumigation, hot air drying, and hot air-microwave drying. Different drying methods had little effects on extracts. Among them, the extract content was higher after hot air drying. The stilbene glycosides would transformation and the contents of Gastrodiae Rhizoma polysaccharides would decline with use of sulphur fumigation, microwave drying and infrared drying. In the comprehensive analysis of characteristics, content of active components, production cost and other factors, hot air drying or hot air-microwave drying was recommended as the first choice.

Effect of Astragali Radix with different sulfur fumigation technologies on immune function in mice / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effect of Astragali Radix with different sulfur fumigation technologies on immune function in mice, and observe the effect of different Astragali Radix samples on carbon clearance in cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed mice, on immune organ weight in immunosuppressed mice and on delayed type hypersensitivity response (DTH) induced by 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene. Carbon clearance index, phagocytic index, organ index and ear swelling rate were taken as the indexes. The results showed that, all of the Astragali Radix with different sulfur fumigation technologies markedly increased the carbon clearance index K, phagocytic index α, immune organ weight and improved the ability of DTH response in immunosuppressed mice. As compared with the model group, combined hot air-microwave group had the most significant difference, but when other groups were compared with and combined hot air-microwave group, only carbon clearance test had significant difference. From the perspective of pharmacodynamics, the effect of Astragali Radix with different sulfur fumigationon technologies on the immune function of mice was investigated, which provided a reference for the selection of appropriate alternative technology, and also provided guidance for clinical medication.

Interaction between CYP450 enzymes and metabolism of traditional Chinese medicine as well as enzyme activity assay / 中国中药杂志

Drugs are exogenous compounds for human bodies, and will be metabolized by many enzymes after administration. CYP450 enzyme, as a major metabolic enzyme, is an important phase I drug metabolizing enzyme. In human bodies, about 75% of drug metabolism is conducted by CYP450 enzymes, and CYP450 enzymes is the key factor for drug interactions between traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) -TCM, TCM-medicine and other drug combination. In order to make clear the interaction between metabolic enzymes and TCM metabolism, we generally chose the enzymatic activity as an evaluation index. That is to say, the enhancement or reduction of CYP450 enzyme activity was used to infer the inducing or inhibitory effect of active ingredients and extracts of traditional Chinese medicine on enzymes. At present, the common method for measuring metabolic enzyme activity is Cocktail probe drugs, and it is the key to select the suitable probe substrates. This is of great significance for study drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) process in organisms. The study focuses on the interaction between TCMs, active ingredients, herbal extracts, cocktail probe substrates as well as CYP450 enzymes, in order to guide future studies.

Simultaneous determination of flavones and saponins of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae by HPLC-DAD-ELSD / 中国中药杂志

This study is to establish an HPLC-DAD-ELSD method for simultaneous determination of 5 flavones and saponins in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae including neo-mangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin B II, timosaponin B III and timosaponin A III. Samples were analyzed on a Merck Purospher STAR column(4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile( A) and 0. 1% formic acid (B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL · min(-1). The column temperature was set at 40 °C. The DAD detector wavelength was set at 254 nm. The ELSD conditions were as follows: the nebulizing gas flow rate was 2.0 L · min(-1) and temperature of drift tube was 105 °C. The volume was 10 μL. The five compounds were well separated with good linear correlations. The mean recoveries were between 102.0%-104.0%. This method was quick and reliable which provides a foundation for quality control of R. Anemarrhenae.

Progress of sulfur fumigation and modern processing technology of Chinese traditional medicines / 中国中药杂志

Infestation, moldy and other phenomenon in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines is a problem that faced in the production of Chinese traditional medicine. The low productivity of traditional processing methods can not guarantee the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Sulfur fumigation is the first choice of grassroots to process the Chinese herbal medicine with its low cost and easy operation. Sulfur fumigation can solve some problems in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines, but modern pharmacological studies show that long-term use of Chinese traditional medicine which is fumigated by sulfur can cause some serious harm to human liver, kidney and other organs. This paper conducts a review about the application history of sulfur fumigation, its influence to the quality of Chinese herbal medicines as well as domestic and foreign limits to sulfur quantity, and a brief introduction of the status of modern processing technologies in the processing of food and some Chinese herbal medicines, the problems ex- isting in the Chinese herbal medicines processing, which can provide a reference basis for the further research, development and application of investigating alternative technologies of sulfur fumigation.